The processes that form continental crust from the denser basaltic rocks of the upper mantle may make the lower lithosphere ...

This is known as lithospheric foundering, a process where a portion of Earth's lithosphere (the rigid outer layer of the Earth) becomes too dense and sinks into the underlying, softer mantle.

Plate tectonics give Earth its mountains, earthquakes, continental drift and maybe even helped give rise to life itself. But do other planets in the solar system have them too?

Aa Aa Aa Biogeochemical cycles describe pathways by which chemical elements move through both biotic (the biosphere) and abiotic compartments (the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere ...

Shortlisted for landscape project of the year at Dezeen Awards 2020, French landscape architects Mosbach Paysagistes has explored the concept of lithosphere design in its overhaul of Phase Shifts ...