Venezuelan oil has been nationalized since ... Political scientists Javier Corrales and Michael Penfold write that before Chavez, PDVSA was ranked among the best and most efficient national ...

The constitution changed the official name of the country to the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. Though Chavez actively sought ... mundane activity to them before -- movement politics -- setting ...

“That in Venezuela, with all our petroleum ... During the 14 years Hugo Chavez spent as President before his death in 2013 from cancer, he set in motion the economic and political dynamics ...

There were women fighting for women's rights in Venezuela before the election of Chavez - but it is only with that election and the birth of the wider changes in the country that women have gained in ...

Before Nicólas Maduro, Venezuela was led by Hugo Chávez, who was buddies with Danny Glover and Sean Penn. Chávez had lunch in ...

Political unrest leading to a suspension of democracy before or after the upcoming elections in Venezuela is not inevitable. If Chavez can participate in the campaign and win convincingly in what ...

"Oil, Macroeconomic Volatility and Crime in the Determination of Beliefs in Venezuela." Chap. 14 in Venezuela Before Chávez: Anatomy of an Economic Collapse, edited by Ricardo Hausmann and Francisco ...

Nicolas Maduro, who was sworn in for his third six-year term after elections questioned by the opposition, led a march in ...

Before the election ... according to reports in Venezuela, was the first political prisoner of Chavez. The arrest of Chancellor senior brought to light the close ties between football and politics ...

After two decades of populist rule and mismanagement, Venezuela's oil production of 1.2 million bpd is a third of what it was before Chavez and his revolution Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro ...