Dental cleaning, including scaling and polishing, can remove surface stains caused by nicotine. For deeper discoloration, professional teeth whitening treatments are commonly used, employing ...

Smoking cessation support interventions with an added stain removal or tooth whitening effect ... of covariance (ANCOVA), using treatment and nicotine dependence as factors and the corresponding ...

The Vita® Shade Guide (the secondary outcome measure) supported the trend of stain improvement. These results support the efficacy of the tested nicotine replacement gum in stain reduction ...