In fact, in the late 1920s, he wrote that 'from 1871 to 1916 [Fenianism in Ireland] was maintained almost entirely by moral and material support from Clan na Gael' (Recollections, 392).

In 1916, events in Ireland impacted on all Irish-Australians, shifting their position in society. In the heightened atmosphere of the conscription plebiscites of 1916 and 1917, the question of ...