Billions of crystals are manufactured annually to be used in virtually every electronic device. From mobile phones and ...

Traditionally, tuning RF oscillator circuits has been a function of an adjustable capacitor. But capacitance is only part of the circuit, with inductance being the other important portion.

Once it became popular, it was used to model stiffening springs, beam buckling, nonlinear electronic circuits ... chopper with a new block, the electrical Duffing oscillator, to handle this ...

To provide this flexible solution, during the design phase, an exploration of the design space is carried out for the chosen circuit architecture, in this case a ring oscillator. Within the boundaries ...