The 4D material changes shape in response to water. The grey side of the material in the image absorbs water faster than the blue side, causing it to bend into a "C" shape. Disclaimer: AAAS and ...

Similar to the pinecone that closes its scales when wet, 4D materials are designed to autonomously change shape in response to a stimulus in their environment, such as humidity, temperature, light, ...

Researchers have achieved remarkable progress in the field of electromagnetic metamaterials (EMMs) through 3D and 4D printing technologies. This innovation is set to revolutionize multiple industries ...